Botox injections are used to treat various cosmetic and medical problems. Botox is derived from a chemical made by bacteria. When injected under the skin, it can be used to help eliminate wrinkles, improving the appearance of skin. It can also treat some conditions that are caused by abnormally contracting muscles.
Botox Mechanism
Botox is the brand name for a formulation of botulinum toxin, the American Academy of Ophthalmology explains. When this toxin is injected into the skin, it is able to block nerve signals to muscles, which can paralyze them. There are actually two different forms of Botox, MayoClinic.com notes: Botox and Botox Cosmetic, the latter of which is used to smooth out wrinkles.
Considerations
One of the easiest ways in which a patient can reduce the risk of developing complications from a Botox injection is by choosing an experienced doctor. The American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery recommends that patients only receive Botox injections from a doctor who has extensive experience in giving the injections. It is also important for patients to discuss all the potential risks and benefits with the physician beforehand so that they are aware of all aspects of the procedure.
Allergic Reactions
One possible complication of a Botox injection is that patients may be allergic to some of the compounds in the injection formula. This can cause patients to develop swelling around the injection site or an itchy rash, which can appear anywhere on the body. The rash may blister or peel, causing pain. In rare cases patients may develop anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that causes the throat to swell, which impairs the ability to swallow and breathe. Anaphylaxis can also cause shock, which results in a severely slowed heart rate and low blood pressure.
Botulinum Poisoning
Another serious complication that can occur from Botox injections is botulism, which can happen if the toxin is able to leak away from the injection site. Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin paralyzing muscles throughout the body and can result in muscle weakness, vision problems and loss of bladder control, MayoClinic.com notes. Patients may also have a hard time breathing or swallowing if the muscles in the throat and airways are affected. This risk is magnified for patients receiving Botox injections from poorly trained medical professionals or other unqualified individuals.
Facial Expressions and Emotions
Patients who receive Botox injections to smooth facial wrinkles should also be aware of the link between emotions and facial expressions. Botox injections in the face paralyze some of the muscles needed for facial expressions. There is some evidence, MSNBC reports, that facial expressions help reinforce emotions. Consequently, not only can Botox injections into the face cause dulling of facial expressions, they can also result in the inability to feel severe emotions.
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