Individuals with sleep apnea suffer from an abnormal sleep pattern of snoring, intermittent pauses in their breathing known as apnea, choking or gasping for air, awakening and then falling back to sleep. Continuous positive airway, or CPAP, machines send compressed air at a preset pressure into the upper airways to keep them open and prevent sleep apnea. Each CPAP unit has three components: a unit that compresses air to a preprogrammed level, a mask that fits on the face and tubing that connects the other two components, according to the American Sleep Apnea Association.
Shape
Most CPAP masks are triangular interfaces, according to the American Sleep Apnea Association. Smaller triangular masks are designed to fit snugly around the nose, while larger triangular full-face masks cover both the nose and mouth. Sleep care professionals may recommend the larger triangular full-face mask for individuals who breathe through their mouths. Nasal pillow masks are smaller and rectangular, with two smaller pieces shaped like mushroom caps that fit into the nostrils, says the MayoClinic.com.
Size
CPAP masks are produced in various sizes to ensure a good fit for people of all ages and facial structure. The goal is to ensure that the mask fits snugly over the nose or the nose and mouth, creating a tight seal so the CPAP machine can work effectively.
Materials
CPAP masks can be manufactured from a variety of materials and combinations of those materials. For example, many are designed with a rigid plastic body lined with a softer silicone seal that rests against the skin, says the American Sleep Apnea Association. People who are allergic to silicone may do better with masks that contain vinyl or synthetic rubber. Other options include a memory foam material that conforms to the individual's face and masks containing a soft gel-like material.
Headgear
People who use CPAP machines need a well-fitting mask that's both effective and comfortable. The headgear, or straps, that hold the mask firmly against the face play a crucial role in mask fitting and sleep apnea treatment. Side straps attach to the nasal or full-face mask and wrap completely around the head laterally, connecting on the other side of the mask. Ball-cap style headgear incorporates one side strap along with straps that wrap around the top of the head in the area covered by a baseball cap, says the MayoClinic.com. People who sleep with their mouths open may also need a chin strap to hold the jaw closed.
Suction
Some CPAP masks are designed to suction directly to the face, while others depend on the headgear to apply the suction.
Tips
Sleep care professionals can provide expert assistance for individuals looking for just the right CPAP mask. Some come prepackaged with specific headgear, while others work with a variety of straps.
