A hiatal hernia occurs when a segment of the stomach bulges into the chest cavity. The diaphragm, a sheet of muscle used for breathing, separates the abdominal and chest cavities. The condition is very common and often occurs in people age 50 and older, reports MedlinePlus. The exact cause of hiatal hernias is unknown. MedlinePlus suggests weakening of the diaphragm, age, obesity and smoking may increase the risk of a hernia developing. Treatment may involve lifestyle and dietary changes, as well as medications. Surgery to correct a hiatal hernia remains rare.
Acid Reflux
One of the main symptoms of a hiatal hernia is acid reflux in which stomach acid moves back into the esophagus. The esophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach. When increased acid reflux occurs, a person often experiences heartburn, or a burning sensation in the chest or throat shortly after eating. The condition may cause increased belching or nausea. The stomach acid can cause an individual to continuously feel the need to clear his throat. Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness can also occur.
Chest Pain
Sudden severe chest pain accompanied by abdominal bloating and difficulty swallowing food are signs of a strangulated hiatal hernia. The diaphragm may have pinched or cut off circulation to the protruding stomach portion. The situation requires immediate medical attention including potential surgery.
No Symptoms
Many people with a hiatal hernia are unaware of the condition because they experience no signs or symptoms. The condition becomes apparent when a patient visits a medical professional for a different condition, advises NYU's Langone Medical Center. Many minor hiatal hernias require little or no treatment because of the absence of symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment usually involves a variety of simple lifestyle changes. An obese person can strive to lose weight by participating in physical activities. Eating small mini-meals throughout the day instead of the staple breakfast, lunch and dinner is often recommended. Patients should not go to sleep or lie down after consuming food to decrease the risk of acid reflux. A variety of over-the-counter and prescription strength medications may eliminate symptoms associated with acid reflux. Medications include antacids for quick relief, and acid production blockers or acid neutralizers for long-term relief. Surgery may be performed in emergency situations, or if the hernia does not respond to other treatments.
