The odor of urine varies, and most changes in urine's odor are temporary and not cause for concern, according to Harvard Health Publications. In some cases, a serious disorder can cause a strong urine scent. A physician should evaluate urine odor that causes concern or is accompanied by other symptoms.
Urinary Tract Infection
Foul, strong-smelling urine is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection, or UTI. Other symptoms of a UTI may include cloudy or bloody urine, fever, chills and burning and pain upon urination. An untreated UTI can damage the kidneys, and requires treatment with antibiotics, according to MayoClinic.com.
Food and Vitamins
Certain foods can cause a strong urine odor. Asparagus creates a distinctive odor that is sometimes described as rotting cabbage, according to Harvard Health Publications. Medications can also affect urine odor. Additionally, vitamins can also give urine a strong odor.
Urine Concentration
When urine is concentrated, it can develop a strong odor. The first urine of the day usually smells strong and is dark yellow in color. Inadequate fluids in the body, or dehydration, also causes concentrated urine with a strong odor.
Diabetes
Urine that smells strong and sweet may be a sign of diabetes, according to MayoClinic.com. Advanced diabetes causes sugar and ketones to accumulate in the urine, which give it this characteristic odor. A urinalysis can determine if sugar and ketones are present.
Fish Odor Syndrome
Fish odor syndrome, or trimethylaminuria, is a disorder that causes the urine, breath, vaginal secretions, saliva and sweat to smell like rotting fish, according to an article titled "Fish Odor Syndrome" by H. Rehman in the August 1999 issue of "Postgraduate Medical Journal." It is caused by the abnormal secretion of trimethylamine, a product of bacterial digestion of certain foods in the intestine. Adjustments to the diet can reduce the odor.
Fistula
A fistula is an abnormal connection between two structures in the body. If a fistula develops between the bladder and intestine, urine can develop a strong odor. Gas in the urine can also indicate a fistula. Fistulas can develop from abnormalities in the intestines such as diverticulitis, cancer, or an abscess, according to Merck Manuals Home Edition. Surgical repair is required.
