The peripheral nervous system is a nerve network that provides sensation to the limbs and extremities and allows for movement of the body. When one of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system becomes compressed or damaged, it can result in abnormal sensations, such as numbness, to the toes. Hormonal imbalances can also disrupt normal nerve functioning, which can result in numb toes as well.
Herniated Disk
A herniated disk, often referred to as a slipped disk, is a condition that occurs when one of the disks that cushion the bones in the spinal column moves out of place. This can be caused by physical trauma to the area, lifting heavy objects or as a result of weakened disks due to increasing age. Symptoms of a herniated disk include pain in the back and neck, muscle weakness, and numbness and tingling in the limbs and extremities. Initial treatment for a herniated disk consists of pain medications, anti-inflammatory medications and bed rest. If these methods are ineffective, anti-inflammatory medications may be injected directly into the spinal column or surgery may be needed to correct the herniated disk.
Megaloblastic Anemia
In order to absorb vitamin B12, a protein called intrinsic factor must be available in secretions from the stomach. Some people, such as those with chronic stomach inflammation or those who have had their stomach removed, do not produce enough intrinsic factor. Because of this, the body cannot absorb B12, which results in an inability to produce enough healthy red blood cells. This condition is called megaloblastic anemia. The most common symptoms of megaloblastic anemia include numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, weak muscles, nausea, decreased appetite, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea, and rapid heart rate. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that specific treatment depends on the specific case, but most people are treated with regular injections of vitamin B12.
Hypoparathyroidism
The body contains four parathyroid glands that are located in the neck next to the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands are responsible for producing hormones called parathyroid hormones, which help regulate the balance of calcium and phosphorous in the body. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by an abnormally low production of parathyroid hormones. The condition can be caused by damage to the parathyroid glands during surgery, autoimmune diseases, radiation therapy and genetics. When parathyroid levels are low, it results in reduced levels of calcium in the blood and bones and increased levels of phosphorous. Those with hypoparathyroidism experience numbness and tingling in the fingertips, toes and lips; muscle aches in the legs, feet and abdomen; muscle spasms; fatigue; pain during menstruation; hair loss that occurs in patches; dry skin; brittle nails; headaches; and problems with memory. Hypoparathyroidism is usually treated with increased dietary intake and supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. In severe cases, intravenous administration of calcium may be needed.
