Congenital disorders of the stomach are disorders present at birth. They may be from genetic disorders, as part of a syndrome with multiple anomalies, or isolated problems. The stomach undergoes less transitions to its form during development than the esophagus and intestines and is therefore less likely to develop problems. However, they are still diagnosed and treatments are available to correct the conditions.
Pyloric Stenosis
According to "Nelson Pediatrics," the junction between the stomach and the next part of the GI tract is a muscular ring called the pylorus. The pyloris can become stiff and narrowed, preventing the passage of food from the stomach to the intestines. The condition is called pyloric stenosis and can lead to food intolerance and projectile vomiting in infants. Treatment is a surgical procedure called a pyloromyotomy.
Bockdalek Hernia
A Bockdalek hernia is from an opening in the diaphragm that allows the stomach to protrude into the chest. The presence of the stomach in the chest can also cause the lung on the affected side to be deformed. Sine the lung is affected, the child may require treatment in an intensive care unit, followed by surgery to position the stomach back in the abdomen and repair the diaphragm.
Gastric Atresia
Gastric atresia, also known as pyloric atresia, refers to a complete obstruction to the passage of food at the level of the stomach. Like pyloric stenosis, it causes vomiting and food intolerance. It is generally amenable to surgical treatment.
Gastric Duplications
Gastric duplication is a very rare congenital disorder of the stomach. It is the growth of a cavity, called a cyst, off the wall of the stomach. It typically causes an abdominal mass which can be felt in the stomach, food intolerance and vomiting. It is also generally amenable to surgical interventions.
References
- "Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics"; Robert M. Kliegman MD et al; 18th Ed 2007
- "Sabiston Textbook of Surgery"; Courtney M. Townsend Jr. MD; 18th Ed 2007
