High intensity discharge, or HID, light bulbs have long been the primary lighting source for large-scale outdoor applications. These bulbs offer high energy efficiency and long lifespans in street lights, sports fields and traffic lighting applications. With the development of light emitting diode, or LED technology, consumers now have even more effective options for outdoor lighting, though results may vary depending on a number of different factors.
Durability
HID bulbs have an average life expectancy of 15,000 to 35,000 hours according to the U.S. Department of Energy. Until recently, this exceptional lifespan far surpassed that of most other light bulbs. With 21st-century improvements in semiconductor technology, however, manufacturers were able to produce LED bulbs that may last in excess of 50,000 hours, according to the DOE. LED bulbs are also cool to the touch, while HID units heat up during use, and are more likely to shatter during maintenance or installation.
Cost
Because of their longer lifespan, LED bulbs may reduce replacement and maintenance costs over time compared to HID bulbs. LED units also operate more efficiently according to the DOE, and this reduces energy consumption and monthly operating costs. While LED bulbs cost more than HID units in terms of upfront costs, the associated savings in terms of lifetime replacement and operating costs may make these bulbs more cost-effective over time.
Because LED light bulbs represent a relatively new technology, the DOE warns that these bulbs may not perform consistently. Some suffer from premature failure, while others may not operate as promised. As time passes, more information should become available about the long-term characteristics of LED lighting.
Performance
One common complaint about HID lighting is its slow warm-up period. These bulbs take time to achieve full brightness once they are turned on, unlike LED bulbs, which light to full brightness immediately. According to the DOE, HID bulbs tend to direct the full force of their lighting capacity to the area immediately around the bulb. LED bulbs, which feature multi-directional diodes, direct light across a larger area to produce better overall visibility and fewer dark spots. Depending on the application, users may prefer the concentrated lighting of HID bulbs or the uniform illumination of LED technology.
Environment and Health
The Seattle city government warns that HID bulbs emit ultraviolet radiation when turned on, which could pose health risks to installers and those passing by. HID bulbs also contain mercury, lead and other dangerous materials that pose health risks during disposal. According to the DOE, LED lighting contains no mercury or toxins, making it a more eco-friendly option than HID bulbs in most applications.
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