Types of Contraceptives

Contraceptives offer a way for sperm to be blocked from reaching the ovaries in a woman to prevent a pregnancy. Most contraceptives do not block against sexually transmitted diseases. The only way to prevent a disease or infection is to abstain from sexual contact and activity. According to the Guttmacher Institute, 62% of women aged 15--44 are using contraceptives. There are several contraceptive options for women and men that are both permanent and temporary---depending on the needs and lifestyle of the person.

Sterilization

Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception. Sterilization in women can involve the tying, burning, clamping or removal of the fallopian tubes. It can also involve a partial or complete hysterectomy in which the uterus or other internal female organs are completely removed. For males, sterilization involves the sealing off, cutting or blocking of the vas deferens---this prevents sperm from passing into semen. Both methods have a 0 to 5% failure rate---one of the lowest percentages of all contraceptives. Sterilization can be performed routinely in most physicians' offices or outpatient at a clinic or hospital.

Hormonal Drugs

Hormonal drugs involve the birth control pill, the Depo-Provera shot and the patch. The birth control pill comes in several different varieties but is still a very effective form of contraception if followed properly. Progestin and estrogen are the main components of most birth control pills. The birth control pill works by preventing ovulation from occurring. Birth control pills are generally taken daily and make it convenient for a woman to protect herself from an unwanted pregnancy. They are between 92 to 99.7% effective when taken at the same time daily. The shot that is taken every 90 days is around 99.7% effective. The patch is applied with the assistance of a physician in a concealed location on the female body. The patch, or Ortho Evera lasts for a month but only needs to be applied every week for three weeks. Birth control pills, the patch and the Depo-Provera shot require a visit to the OB/GYN or clinic---they are only available with a prescription.

Condoms

Condoms are a sheath that is placed over the man's erect penis. They prove to be up to 99% effective during intercourse when used properly and with a spermicide. This helps to prevent pregnancy as well as the transmission of the HIV virus---the virus that causes AIDS. Condoms can be bought in most stores and over the counter without a prescription.

Abstinence

One of the most effective methods of contraception is abstinence. Abstinence means refraining from any type of sexual penetration or activity. This is the only way to provide 100% protection from pregnancy and disease. Abstinence can be practiced with teens and older adults who are not comfortable or ready to engage in physical sexual contact.

Intrauterine Devices

Intrauterine devices are birth control pieces that are inserted into the cervix to prevent pregnancy. The copper Intrauterine device or ParaGard, works by releasing copper into the uterus to prevent egg fertilization. This type of contraceptive lasts for five to ten years. Another option is Mirena. The Mirena IUD releases progestin directly into the uterus---preventing the sperm from reaching the egg. Both devices must be administered by an OB/GYN or practicing physician.