The scalp is a thin layer of tissue that covers the head and allows hair growth. Occasionally, this thin layer of tissue can become irritated or invested with infectious organisms, resulting in a number of scalp problems. Although not serious medical conditions, most conditions that affect the scalp cause intense itching and are extremely bothersome.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition characterized by greasy, scaly and flaky areas of skin. Itching may also accompany abnormal skin. Although seborrheic dermatitis can affect any area of the skin, it most commonly affects the scalp, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. In adults, the condition is usually referred to as dandruff and in infants it is called cradle cap. The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not known, but is believed to be related to either hormonal imbalances or fungal infections. Seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp can usually be successfully treated with medicated shampoos. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends applying the shampoo daily until the condition is controlled and then two to three times per week for maintenance. If medicated shampoos are ineffective, prescription strength creams may be needed.
Tinea Capitis
Tinea capitis is a fungal infection in the scalp that is often called ringworm of the scalp. The infection is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist areas. Tinea capitis is contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact or indirect contact with contaminated objects, such as hats or hairbrushes. Those who sweat a lot, have poor hygiene or cuts on the scalp are at an increased risk of becoming infected, according to Medline Plus. Symptoms of tinea capitis include itching of the scalp, bald areas, pus-filled sores, inflamed lesions and small black dots on the scalp. Tinea capitis can be successfully treated with oral anti-fungal medications. Medicated shampoos may also be used in conjunction with oral medication to reduce the chances of spreading the infection.
Head Lice
Head lice are tiny parasites that live on the head and feed off blood from the scalp. The small insects attach to the hair follicle and remain firmly in place. Head lice are highly contagious and spread easily through direct contact and use of infected objects. MayoClinic.com notes that head lice are the second most common communicable condition in school-aged children. Symptoms of head lice include intense itching and small red bumps on the scalp and the shoulders. The lice and their eggs are also visible and resemble dandruff. Most cases of head lice can be treated with over-the-counter medicated shampoos. If OTC medications are not strong enough, prescription strength shampoos may be necessary. It is also recommended to wash all articles of clothing and bedding with which the head lice may have had contact.
