Cervical epidural steroid injections are common treatment options for pain caused by inflamed or irritated nerves. During medication administration, an injection of steroids is injected into the cervical epidural space. According to Spine Universe, researchers found that epidural steroid injections provide a substantial amount of pain relief for some patients. Although these injections provide pain and inflammation relief, there are side effects that may arise after the injection procedure. Patients should be aware of the possible side effects before receiving cervical epidural injections.
Headache
During the injection process, the doctor may inadvertently puncture the dural space, also known as a wet spot. Although not dangerous, punctures in the dural space enable cerebral spinal fluid to leak into the spinal canal, which lowers spinal pressure within the brain, according to the Mayfield Clinic. As a result, patients may suffer from post-puncture headaches as the dural space begins to heal itself. Although painful, most headaches reside within days of the epidural procedure.
Nerve Damage
Nerve damage is a possible side effect whenever a procedure is performed near or around the spinal cord or neighboring nerves. The spinal cord is located deep within the spinal column and is surrounded by protective tissues so nerve damage is rare. In the event of nerve damage, a patient may notice shooting pain, numbness and other neurological signs, reports MedlinePlus. Patients with severe pain at the insertion site should seek medical attention for prompt treatment.
Infection
Infection is a possible complication of epidural injections. As with all injections, infection is always a risk even when doctors take precautions to maintain sterile environments. Spine Universe explains that a localized skin infection can develop in the epidural space and spread to areas of the spinal column, which can result in neurological aliments. Delayed treatment may allow the infection to spread throughout the body. Patients should look for excessive pain, numbness, redness and drainage from the injection site if infection is suspected.
Decreased Bone Density
Decreased bone density is another possible side effect of epidural injections, according to Mayfield Clinic. Cervical epidural injections contain corticosteroids, hormones that are naturally produced by the human body. When steroids are injected into the body, a patient's hormone level increases. High levels of localized steroids can interrupt the production within bone cells. Cervical epidural injections may affect osteoporosis or other bone diseases by increasing fracture risk.
References
- Medline Plus: Spinal and Epidural anesthesia
- Mayfield Clinic: Epidural Steroid Injections
- Hospital for Special Surgery: Epidural Injections - Frequently Asked Questions
- SpineUniverse: Epidural Steroid Injections and Low Back Pain
- The Doctors Company: Complications of Cervical Epidural Steroid Injections
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