There are a variety of sores that can appear in or around the mouth or genitals, including the inner cheeks, gums, tongue, lips and palate, MedlinePlus says. Cold sores are often confused with canker sores, but are extremely different in nature. Unlike canker sores, which are non-contagious ulcers of soft tissues usually appearing within the mouth, cold sores are highly contagious and appear in various areas of the body. Cold sores are fluid-filled lesions that begin with a telltale tingling on the lip, notes MayoClinic.com. Individuals suffering from cold sores should contact a medical professional immediately for medication to control outbreaks.
Herpes Simplex I
The herpes simplex type I virus is usually the cause of cold sores, which emerge around the mouth, lips or on the face. It can also infect the eye, specifically the conjunctiva and cornea. This virus transmits through direct contact with infected saliva, which includes sharing drinks and food or by kissing. MedlinePlus says that 30 to 90 percent of adults have antibodies to the herpes simplex I virus and that childhood infection is much more likely in areas of lower socioeconomic status.
Herpes Simplex II
The herpes simplex II virus is usually, but not always, a sexually transmitted disease. Symptoms include both cold sores and ulcers, which appear primarily on the genitals but can appear on the face as well. A cross-infection of both herpes simplex I and II can occur if there is oral to genital exposure, MedlinePlus says. Approximately 30 percent of adults in the U.S. have antibodies to the herpes simplex II virus. However, some individuals may never show symptoms despite having the disease.
Considerations
There is no cure for either type of herpes. Fortunately, the majority of cases are mild and may not need treatment. For those who experience prolonged or frequent breakouts, or those with suppressed immune systems, physicians will prescribe antiviral medications such as acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir to reduce the frequency and severity of the outbreak. Cold sores typically diminish and heal on their own within seven to 10 days. External factors such as excessive sunlight, fever, stress, acute illness and medicine can trigger a breakout. Complications with other diseases, such as eczema, eye infection, pneumonia or HIV can increase the severity of herpes and will usually require antiviral treatment.
