Puffy eyelids are cosmetically distressing, but they also may signal a serious medical condition, such as an infection. The condition, also known as blepharitis, may affect just the front edge of the eyelid around your lashes, the upper portion of the lid or both. It may disappear quickly if it stems from lifestyle factors, but if the condition persists, see your doctor because you may need treatment to avoid permanent damage to your eyes.
Infection
Bacterial or viral infections can cause eyelid puffiness. Staphylococcal infections tend to be more severe and may even cause you to lose your eyelashes. Eyelid infections are serious and if leftuntreated may lead to permanent thickening of the eyelid, inflamed capillaries and damage to your cornea.
Fluid Retention
Systemic fluid retention, or edema, can cause a build-up of fluids in your eyelids as well. Fatigue, certain illnesses, pregnancy and too much salt intake are some of the factors that may lead to edema. Hormonal fluctuations and changes in the weather also can contribute to fluid build-up that affects the eyelids.
Allergies
Environmental allergies may cause eyelid swelling, along with itchiness and redness of the eyes. You also may experience puffy eyelids if you are allergic to eye medication, contact lens solution or makeup that you use.
Mites
The presence of microscopic mites on the eyelids is very common and some people have no reaction to them, but others experience an allergic reaction that causes puffiness. The mites and their waste products can clog the follicles at the root of your eyelashes, which causes swelling. Your doctor may prescribe steroids, sulfur oil, the anti-parasite gel metronidazole, or a specialized eyelid cleaner to help control the mites.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis, a condition in which overactive oil glands cause the skin to flake and peel, can affect the eyelids and cause swelling. Certain fungi and yeasts feed on these oils and may contribute to the condition. This condition sometimes is associated with a compromised immune system.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
The inner edges of your eyelids contain oil-secreting meibomian glands. The oil they produce helps prevent your tears from evaporating and thus keeps your eyes moist. Sometimes these glands malfunction and produce either too little or too much oil. Dry eye may ensue, accompanied by thickened eyelids, crusting at the eyelid edges and in some cases foamy tears.
Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle factors can contribute to eyelid puffiness. These include lack of sleep, insufficient intake of liquids, emotional or physical stress, and consumption of large amounts of alcohol. Contact lenses, particularly soft lenses, also can contribute to blepharitis. Consult your eye doctor for advice regarding whether a different type of lens might relieve your symptoms.
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