HIV is an autoimmune disease in which the human immunodeficiency virus progressively destroys the immune system, making common ailments life threatening. HIV is usually contracted through sexual contact or blood, or from mother to child. Symptoms may not appear for up to 10 years, although infected persons can still spread the disease. After exposure, it can take approximately 3 months before a blood test can indicate an infection. Individuals who suspect an HIV infection should immediately seek medical care.
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes are present throughout the body and are fundamental in a properly functioning immune system. These nodes are common indicators of infection, particularly HIV, as they will remain swollen for an extended period of time -- usually for more than 3 months in the later stages of HIV. Swollen lymph nodes are commonly found in the groin, armpit, neck, under the jaw and chin, behind the ears and on the back, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. MayoClinic.com says that swollen lymph nodes are often one of the first signs of an HIV infection, although it can indicate other illnesses as well. As the virus proliferates, the body attempts to fight off the virus, causing the swelling. However, the virus hijacks healthy cells and quickly multiplies, eventually turning the immune system on itself.
Weight Loss, Fatigue and Flu-like Illness
Due to the stress of a suppressed immune system, an HIV-infected individual will commonly display weight loss, fatigue and other flu-like symptoms, including a persistent headache, fever, cough and shortness of breath, according to MayoClinic.com. In the later stage of HIV, the symptoms will become unexplained and persistent, with fevers exceeding 100.4 degrees F. Soaking night sweats will occur, usually accompanied by chronic diarrhea. At this point, it is important for HIV sufferers to be on the appropriate antiviral medications to prevent rapid deterioration and progression to AIDS. Individuals experiencing these symptoms should immediately contact a physician for the appropriate care.
Skin Infections
The most obvious and common signs of HIV appear as skin infections and lesions, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Preexisting skin conditions will often worsen dramatically in HIV-infected persons due to the body's inability to fight off infections. Bacterial, viral and fungal conditions -- including yeast and ringworm fungal infections, herpes simplex, warts, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and folliculitis -- can quickly arise due to this lowered immunity, notes the American Academy of Dermatology. Some HIV skin infections may last for years and can significantly affect the body's reaction to the illness.
