Thermal burns, or burns caused by heat rather than chemicals, are the most common types of burns, according to MedlinePlus. There are countless causes of heat burns, including sunburn and hot surfaces like frying pans. Scalding describes a burn caused by hot water or steam. More than 112,000 Americans go to the emergency room every year for scald burns, according to the City of Rochester Hills Michigan Fire Department. Administering first aid can lessen the severity of the burn, and possibly prevent scarring, deformity and even death.
Step 1
Determine the degree of the burn. First degree burns affect only the top layer of skin, and appear red and swollen. A first degree burn can usually be treated at home. Burns that cause the skin to blister and look raw are serious and need immediate medical attention, as are any wounds that cause fat tissue, muscle or bone to show.
Step 2
Hold the affected skin under gently running water, or submerge the burned area in a container of liquid. If water is not available, any harmless liquid -- such as milk -- will do.
Step 3
Dry the skin using a patting motion rather than rubbing to prevent further injury to the skin. Avoid using ointments, creams or sprays. Never use butter on any type of burn. Ointments and butter could cause infection, according to MayoClinic.com.
Step 4
Avoid removing clothing if it is stuck to the skin. If needed, use scissors to cut away clothing, according to the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. Only remove clothing if it is necessary to stop the burning, apply a dressing or to transport the victim to the hospital.
Step 5
Apply a dressing. Use sterile gauze if necessary, but any clean material will work in an emergency. This will prevent loss of vital body fluids through weeping action of the burn. Do not apply pressure, as this can further damage the injured skin.
Step 6
Use over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen or acetaminophen to reduce discomfort. Elevate the burned area to further reduce pain.
Things You'll Need
- Liquid
- Gauze
- Scissors
