Flat, brown age spots are called liver spots, although they have nothing to do with liver function, according to MedlinePlus. They typically occur on the backs of hands, the face, forearms or shoulders. Most often, brown spots are part of the skin's aging process, although excessive exposure to sunlight may increase the chances of developing them. Liver spots are not dangerous and do not require medical treatment. However, if you wish to remove them for cosmetic reasons, several options are available.
Fading Creams
Brown age spots can be treated with fading creams containing skin-bleaching substances, most commonly hydroquinone, according to the New Zealand Dermatological Society. While skin-bleaching creams are available as over-the-counter products, they contain a much lower concentration of hydroquinone and thus may not work as well as a prescription cream.
Other substances commonly found in fading creams include alpha hydroxy acids, retinoids and vitamin C. Fading creams can take several weeks to show effects and can increase sun sensitivity. Avoid excessive direct sunlight and wear sunscreen while using fading creams.
Chemical Peel
The American Academy of Dermatology, or AAD, explains that a chemical peel may improve skin's appearance by peeling off the top layer, leaving the new skin smother and possibly more even-colored. There are several different types of chemical peels. The mildest peels use alpha hydroxy acids while deep peels use strong chemical solutions such as phenol. A dermatologist can help you determine the best type for your needs. Medium and deep skin peels carry more risk than milder ones, but they tend to produce better results. Side effects include swelling, blistering and persistent redness.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy treatment uses liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent to deep-freeze the age spot and destroy the extra pigment to leave skin looking lighter, according to MayoClinic.com. This method works best for small clusters of age spots and carries a slight risk of permanent scarring, especially with prolonged exposure to the freezing agent. Cryotherapy can cause a mild to intense stinging sensation during the procedure and skin may be sore for several days after. Your physician may recommend a mild, over-the-counter pain reliever such as ibuprofen to ease the pain.
Laser Treatment
Laser therapy uses a laser, sometimes in combination with a chemical, to destroy the cells that cause dark pigmentation without damaging the skin itself. This method can reduce age spots by up to 50 percent with one treatment and may completely eliminate them after several treatments, according to the AAD. Laser therapy carries fewer risks than chemical peels. The most common side effect is a temporary unwanted change in skin color around the treated area. In rare cases, scarring can occur.
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