Childhood obesity continues to increase in the United States, putting children at risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and becoming overweight adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that approximately 17 percent of children are obese. Children are screened for obesity using the body mass index, or BMI. Overweight children are those who have a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile, while obese children are those with a BMI above the 95th percentile compared to peers of the same sex and height.
Risks
Although some childhood medical conditions may contribute to obesity, lifestyle plays a significant role in weight gain. Children are exposed to increased amounts of fast foods that are unhealthy and are served in large portions. An increase in video games and television contribute to a sedentary lifestyle that promotes obesity. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, some populations of children are at higher risk becoming obese; including children who are ethnic minorities, those with a lower socioeconomic status and children with disabilities.
Physical Activity
Physical activity is important because movement benefits the body. Children who participate in physical fitness activities increase bone and muscle strength; they have improved circulation, reducing instances of high blood pressure; they sleep better and are better able to manage stress. Physical exercise increases a child's strength, flexibility and endurance for activities.
Recommendations
Amounts of basic physical activity vary by age group. Preschool children can spend time playing on structures such as at playgrounds and should be limited to less than two hours of television daily. Children in elementary school should be encouraged to participate in free movement activities, such as running or jumping rope; and sports should be for enjoyment. Preteens and adolescents may become involved in organized sports with greater instruction, allowing muscle development, increased coordination and structure in a team environment.
Ideas
Increasing physical activity can be easy and a fun thing for families to do together. Mild exercise, such as taking family walks, dancing to music or playing sports together are all activities that not only promote family bonding, but are good forms of exercise. Enrolling in a community fitness center provides a regular activity for a child who can also make new friends in the process. Even small steps, such as parking farther away in the parking lot or using the stairs instead of the elevator, can promote simple changes that will slowly incorporate more activity into sedentary lifestyles, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
Prevention
Prevention of childhood obesity occurs by increasing amounts of physical activity both at home and at school. Advocate to your child's school about the importance of physical education classes and the variety of activities available during the day. Limit the amount of time your child spends in front of the television, playing video games or using the computer. Lead by example by making physical activity and healthy eating habits a priority in your home life, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
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