The skin is a large organ that protects and covers everything in the body, including the muscles and organs in the neck. The top layer of skin, the epidermis, contains a substance called melanin, which gives skin its pigment. Several conditions affect the melanin in the neck, resulting in skin discoloration.
Sunburn
According to the Medline Plus website, a sunburn can cause discoloration anywhere on the body -- including the sides of the neck. It occurs when the sun exceeds the strength of melanin. Besides redness, other symptoms may include tenderness, peeling and a rash. Symptoms are typically only temporary, with pain lasting only about two days after sun exposure. However, the sun can have serious effects, including cancer. To ease a sunburn on the neck, hold a cold washcloth over the burn. Relieve pain with an over-the-counter pain reliever like ibuprofen. Prevent sunburns by applying a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or greater.
Age Spots
Age spots are dark areas of pigmentation that develop on the skin most exposed to the sun, including the neck. While in the sun, the body creates extra melanin to protect the deeper layers of skin. Sometimes this melanin can clump together, resulting in age spots. These spots tend to occur in fair-skinned adults older than 40. Although age spots are usually harmless, their appearance can be embarrassing. A doctor or dermatologist can prescribe a bleaching cream or steroid to gradually fade the spots. Other procedures, such as dermabrasion or a chemical peel, can also be beneficial.
Tinea Versicolor
Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection that affects the skin's pigmentation, causing discolored patches on the neck, back, shoulders and arms. Besides discoloration, the Mayo Clinic says that symptoms may include scaling and itching. Although healthy skin typically harbors the fungus that causes tinea versicolor, some conditions, such as humidity and hormone fluctuations, can cause it to grow out of control. To treat this infection, use an over-the-counter anti-fungal medication or ask a doctor about a prescription oral or topical medication.
