Chronic and acute respiratory conditions often require the use of a nebulizer to relieve inflammation of the lungs, allowing the sufferer to breathe normally. Chronic diseases, like asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) can be treated with portable nebulizers at home. Acute conditions may include adverse allergic reactions, bronchitis, or a common cold infection that causes diminished lung capacity and requires a breathing treatment for relief.
History
The practice of medicinal inhalation as a method to deliver drugs to the lungs can be traced back to the ancient Greeks. However, the modern techniques of a nebulizer utilize aerosolization. Aerosolization refers to the conversion of a substance into very fine particles that that can then travel in the air. Nebulizers aerosolize liquid medicine into a breathable form of vapor mist that is then inhaled through a mouth piece or face mask.
Function
The liquid medicines used in nebulizers are typically corticosteroids or bronchodialators. Corticosteroids, which are also known as glucosteroids, are a form of steroid hormones that are naturally synthesized by the adrenal glands. These anti-inflammatory drugs are often used as maintenance treatment for chronic conditions, such as asthma and COPD. Non-steroidal bronchodialators, like albuterol, are fast acting drugs aimed at quickly relieving the effects of a respiratory spasm.
Types
There are three standard types of nebulizers: jet, ultrasonic wave and vibrating mesh. Jet nebulizers are the most common and utilize compressed oxygen or air to aerosolize the medicine. Ultrasonic wave nebulizers use an inaudible, high frequency sound wave to stimulate mechanical vibration of specialized elements that then vaporize the solution. Vibrating mesh nebulizers are newer, more advanced versions of the ultrasonic wave nebulizers, and function similarly but are much more expensive.
Considerations
According to the Cleveland Clinic, there are some basic steps that one should follow when using a home nebulizer, especially with children. Adhere to proper hygenic techniques, including handwashing and sanitizing all pieces of nebulizer equipment before and after use. The nebulizer should be carefully assembled and the mouth piece or face mask needs to properly positioned. After turning on the equipment, visualize the vapor mist being produced by the device, and be sure to closely monitor the person receiving the treatment and stop the treatment if he shows any signs of distress.
Warnings
When used properly and as prescribed, nebulizers are an effective way to relieve symptoms associated with respiratory inflammation. However, there has been some concern associated with the potential to develop a psychological dependence on the use of the machine. Additionally, improper storage of the nebulizer may contaminate equipment with allergens, such as cockroach feces or household mold, that may complicate the condition.
