The macula makes up a section of the back lining of the eye, and a healthy macula provides clear central vision. Macular degeneration occurs when the macula breaks down, damaging the central vision. Some people with macular degeneration experience a slow decline in vision, but some people have a sudden, significant loss of central vision. Doctors do not understand the exact cause of macular degeneration; however, certain hereditary factors may increase the likelihood of a person having this condition.
Family History
A person with family members who have macular degeneration has a greater risk of experiencing vision changes from macular degeneration, states MayoClinic.com. If a family history exists, this does not mean others will have the condition, but this should encourage family members to have routine eye exams to monitor for early warning signs. Treatments do not typically return lost vision, though prevention methods may slow down or prevent macular degeneration from destroying central vision. One easy prevention method for a person with a family history is eating dark green, leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale.
Gender
The gender of a person may increase the risk of macular degeneration. Statistics indicate that women have a greater risk than men, reports the National Eye Institute. If a female has other risk factors, she should follow recommendations for prevention such as consuming a healthful diet, living an active lifestyle and having regular eye examinations.
Race
A person's race may affect the risk for macular degeneration. Caucasians have a greater risk for macular degeneration than people of other races, explains MayoClinic.com. Precautionary measures, such as maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking, may help reduce the chances of macular degeneration.
