Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils extracted from plants to encourage the healing of the mind, body and spirit. The American Cancer Society reports that although there is no scientific proof that aromatherapy works to alleviate symptoms or cure disease, the aromas can help to reduce stress and relax patients suffering from conditions, such as cancer and anxiety.
History
Many ancient cultures have been utilizing the fragrant scents of plants for medicinal purposes for centuries, reports the American Cancer Society. The techniques to extract the essential oils from the plants was discovered in the Middle Ages and has been used by cultures ranging from China to India and Egypt. The French chemist Rene Gattefosse first coined the term aromatherapie in the early twentieth century and began studying its healing effects. Aromatherapy was adopted by the Western world in the 1980s and 1990s as interest grew in complimentary and alternative medicines.
Theories/Speculation
Theories vary as to how smelling essential oils helps with healing. One theory holds that chemicals are released along the nerve pathways in the nasal cavities to the limbic portions of the brain that control mood and emotions. Others proclaim that plants are living organisms that carry a life force of their own that can affect all other living organisms.
Function
Aromatherapy is used either by inhalation or by rubbing it directly on the skin. By placing the essential oil in a diffuser or other heat-activated transporter, patients can inhale the smoke, allowing the nasal passages to be touched by the scents and evaporated oil. Oils can be placed in a container and set near a patient as well without any heating for them to experience the properties of the plant. Diluted oils also are used in massage or added to lotion, bathwater or surgical dressings.
Benefits
Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic report that aromatherapy can be useful in treating headaches. Lavender flower oil can be used to reduce muscle spasms when rubbed over the head, neck or shoulders. Tension headaches can be relieved by rubbing a compound made from eucalyptus oils and peppermint on the forehead. At the same time, certain smells can exacerbate a headache or cause nausea in some people.
Warning
Aromatherapy oils are recognized as being generally safe for use when used according to directions. The essential oils are not safe for ingesting. An allergic reaction is possible when the oils are placed directly on the skin for prolonged periods of time. Some versions of the oil, especially those made from lavender and tea tree oil can produce hormone-like side effects and mimic the effects of estrogen or block androgens in men. The American Cancer Society reports that rubbing lavender and tea tree oils on prepubescent males has caused enlarged breasts.
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