If you have ever had your cholesterol levels checked, you may have been given a list of numbers and acronyms associated with your actual results. Triglycerides, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol may have been mentioned but never fully explained. The results of two important levels, HDL, or high-density lipoproteins, and LDL, or low-density lipoproteins, can mean the difference between a healthy heart and one that is at risk for future problems. Understanding what they are and how to manage them could greatly improve your heart health.
Significance
Low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, are often referred to as bad cholesterol because they can contribute to thickening of plaque within the arteries. High-density lipoproteins, or HDL, are considered to be good cholesterol. According to the American Heart Association, "Some experts believe that HDL removes excess cholesterol from arterial plaque, slowing its buildup."
Function
The function of low-density lipoproteins, or LDL, is transporting cholesterol throughout the body. Too much LDL cholesterol in the blood increases your risk for heart disease. High-density lipoproteins, or HDL, remove cholesterol from the blood and transport it to the liver for removal from the body. High amounts of HDL provide a protective effect on the heart.
Features
Both LDL and HDL cholesterol levels are monitored as part of a lipid profile. You should have your cholesterol levels checked at least once every five years, since there are no symptoms for high cholesterol. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the optimal level for LDL cholesterol is less than 100 mg/dL. The desirable range for HDL cholesterol is greater than 60 mg/dL for protection against heart disease.
Treatment
If you have been told that you have an elevated LDL or low HDL level, take action immediately to correct these problems. Both levels can be improved with similar methods. First, eliminate controllable risk factors. Stop smoking, exercise at least 30 minutes each day and, if you are overweight, lose weight to reach your optimal weight. Avoid trans-fat and saturated-fats and keep your overall intake of cholesterol low. Include fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products as part of your regular diet.
Expert Insight
LDL cholesterol is produced naturally by the body. Many people inherit genes that cause them to make too much. If you have a family history of high cholesterol, you may not be able to control your levels with diet and exercise alone. Your doctor may prescribe a cholesterol-lowering mediation to improve your LDL level. Even with medication, it is still important to continue to follow a healthy diet and exercise. This will help you to stay on the lowest possible dose of medicine. Medication also cannot completely prevent heart disease.
References
- American Heart Association: Good versus Bad Cholesterol
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
- American Heart Association: About Cholesterol
- American Heart Association: The "Good Cholesterol" High-Density Lipoprotein
- FamilyDoctor.org: Cholesterol: What Your Level Means
