Cerebral palsy results when areas of the brain controlling movement don't develop properly or become damaged during early growth. Patients have problems with muscle control, movement or balance, according to the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke.
Causes
MayoClinic.com states that before birth, maternal infections such as rubella predispose to cerebral palsy. Decreased oxygen levels during birth can be a factor. After birth and until about age 3, brain damage from infections, trauma and lack of oxygen lead to CP. The specific cause impacts severity of symptoms, which determines what treatments are needed and the prognosis for the patient.
Symptoms
Symptoms of CP depend on the location and extent of brain damage. Most patients have spastic cerebral palsy, meaning their muscles are tensed and cannot relax. Others have muscles that are too weak or have movements they can't control.
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on the severity of symptoms. Some patients have mild disease and live independently. Others require lifelong support and care. Cerebral palsy does not progress, explains MayoClinic.com, so symptoms do not spread to other muscles.
Treatment
While no cure exists, therapy improves the quality of life for the CP patient. Treatment centers on maximizing function and involves the use of medications, supportive devices and a team of professionals, including doctors and therapists, according to NINDS.
