Signs and symptoms of vitamin D overdose occur when large doses of vitamin D supplements are taken; however, evidence about the frequency of this occurrence is incomplete. Vitamin D is fat soluble and stored in the body; it is then broken down by the liver into to 25-hydroxyvitamin. The kidneys break down vitamin D further into 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, commonly known as calcitrol. The body uses this vitamin to maintain bone strength, boost immunity and provide optimal muscle strength. Consumption of vitamin D-rich foods is not likely to produce signs and symptoms of overdose.
How Much Vitamin D Constitutes and Overdose?
A blood test is the only method available to determine excess vitamin D intake from supplements or cod liver oil. Research is ongoing regarding vitamin D levels that are needed for maximum health benefits. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels consistently higher than 200 ng/ml (nanograms per milliliter) can cause vitamin D toxicity signs, including seizure-like activity (tetany) from high serum calcium levels that lead to changes in mental status and heart rhythm disturbance.
Non-specific Symptoms of Vitamin D Overdose
Vitamin D overdose leads to weakness, nausea, loss of or poor appetite, constipation and vomiting. In addition, nervousness, itching, excessive thirst and excessive urination that leads to dehydration indicate vitamin D toxicity.
Vitamin D Overdose Effect on Kidneys
Excessive levels of vitamin D lead to kidney stones and kidney damage that can be permanent. Although vitamin D overdose is rare, acute symptoms occur within several days of taking a large dose.
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