Chronic sinusitis is the inflammation of the air-filled sinuses, according to The New York Times Health Guide. There are four pairs of sinuses, which connect to small openings within the nasal cavity. Normal functional sinsuses allow air to pass freely in and out of these spaces with mucus and fluid draining into the nose. Sinusitis, however, develops due to allergies or infection and continuously recurs in instances of a chronic condition. Causes of chronic sinusitis include nasal blockage due to allergies, polyps, tumors and deviated septum, dental infections and fungus. Antibiotic treatment of chronic sinusitis is similar to medication for acute sinusitis, although the course of the treatment usually lasts longer and may be more frequent, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery.
Amoxicillin
The first line of defense when combating chronic sinusitis is amoxicillin, according to MayoClinic.com. It in a class of drugs called penicillin-like antibiotics and functions by preventing the growth of the bacteria. It is available as capsules, tablets, chewable tablets or liquid for oral administration. Dosing is generally every 12 hours or every 8 hours, with or without food. Common side effects include an upset stomach, vomiting and diarrhea. Should this occur, patients should notify their health care provider for alternate treatment as this can indicate an adversity or allergy to the medication.
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is the second choice antibiotic for chronic sinusitis. As a tetracycline antibiotic, it works by slowing the growth of bacteria in the body. It is helpful in treating a variety of infections, not only chronic sinusitis, according to Drugs.com. It can also be used in combination with other medications for use in treating certain infections. Children under the age of 8 should not take doxycycline as it can cause permanent yellowing or graying of the teeth and affect a child's growth. Dosing of the medication, usually in a capsule form, depends on the prescription by a physician. Drugs.com recommends taking it with a full, 8-oz. glass of water.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an antibacterial combination drug effective in treating chronic sinusitis. It is a sulfonamide, which prevents the multiplication of bacteria within the body. It is essential to drink plenty of fluids while taking this antibiotic to prevent sediment in the urine and the formation of stones, Drugs.com warns. Constant levels of this antibiotic in the blood ensures the optimal effect and requires strict adherence to the prescription set forth by a physician. Common but mild side effects include hives, lack or loss of appetite, nausea, skin rash and vomiting. Individuals experiencing these symptoms should contact their physician.
