Vaginal yeast infections, also called vulvovaginal candidiasis, or VVC, are common. According to MayoClinic.com, 75 percent of women experience at least one yeast infection, and for some, the infections stubbornly recur. The most common culprit for vaginal yeast infections is candida albicans. This organism is a common type of fungus typically present in small amounts on the skin and in the mouth, digestive tract and vagina. It does not cause symptoms unless the fungus overgrows. It's important to understand the underlying cause of VVC in order to prevent recurrence.
Antibiotics
Use of antibiotics is a well-recognized cause of yeast infections. Normally the vagina contains a balanced mix of yeast and bacteria. Lactobacillus is a beneficial bacterium that helps to maintain the balance. Antibiotics diminish the protective lactobacillus, which in turn disrupts the normal balance of vaginal organisms and allows other species, such as candida, to flourish. Increased growth of yeast in the vagina leads to itching, burning and abnormal discharge -- classic symptoms of VVC. If antibiotics are used regularly, the microorganism balance in the vagina is perpetually disrupted, and recurrent yeast infections may ensue. Even after a single course of an antibiotic, restoring vaginal balance may be difficult, leading to continued propensity for infection.
Underlying Condition
Repeat yeast infections may be an indication of another underlying condition or health ailment. Yeast infections are more common in pregnant women, because changes in the body's hormone levels alter the balance of vaginal microorganisms. Also, according to MayoClinic.com, women with uncontrolled diabetes or other blood sugar imbalances are at an increased risk for yeast infections. Chronic yeast infections may also suggest a dysfunctional immune system. Normally, the immune system protects against yeast overgrowth and other diseases. However, for women with human immunodeficiency virus, known as HIV, vaginal yeast infections are more common and may be severe. Corticosteroid therapy also depresses immune system function.
Hygiene and Irritants
Improper hygiene and chemical irritants can contribute to recurrent yeast infections. MedlinePlus, an online service of the National Institutes of Health, recommends keeping the genital area clean and dry, avoiding soap and rinsing with water only. Also, because they irritate the vagina and promote infection, the following should be avoided: douching, feminine hygiene sprays and powders, tight-fitting pants, silk or nylon underwear and scented tampons.
Improper Treatment
When vaginal infections recur, it may be because the attempted treatments are not appropriate for the individual infection. For instance, MayoClinic.com reports that some varieties of candida do not respond well to conventional treatments. Also, other conditions -- either vaginal or occurring elsewhere in the body -- may mimic the symptoms of VVC. In these scenarios, yeast infection treatments won't work, and the infections will persist. When vaginal infections are recurrent or unresponsive to treatment, a healthcare professional should be consulted.
