Pregnant women need to be extra mindful of what they consume during pregnancy, as anything they take affects the fetus. It goes without saying that illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and marijuana, as well as alcohol and nicotine, are to be avoided during pregnancy. Over-the-counter medications, prescription medications and herbs that were safe before pregnancy may also have detrimental effects on the growing baby. Women should discuss any drugs they take with their doctors or midwives, ideally before getting pregnant.
Illicit Drugs
As many as 4 percent of American women abuse illicit drugs, according to the March of Dimes. For those women who become pregnant, the drugs can have disastrous effects on their developing babies. Marijuana, methamphetamines, heroin and cocaine use at any stage of pregnancy can lead to low birth weight, smaller head circumference, placental problems and severe withdrawal symptoms upon birth. These children may have compromised attention spans, difficulties learning and behavioral problems as they grow older.
Nicotine
According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, nicotine immediately affects fetal development. It can contribute to ectopic pregnancy, a potentially life-threatening situation in which the embryo attaches itself to a Fallopian tube instead of the uterus, eventually causing it to rupture. The placenta may not properly attach to the uterus, which can also be life-threatening for both mother and baby. If nicotine use persists throughout pregnancy, it can result in stillbirth or a low birth weight.
Alcohol
The ACOG advises against alcohol consumption at any stage of pregnancy. It is not known how much alcohol can cause serious conditions such as fetal alcohol syndrome, but what is known is that babies' livers are unable to break down alcohol at all. Alcohol use during any stage of pregnancy may cause mental retardation. Early in pregnancy, it can cause miscarriage, and later in pregnancy, it can cause premature birth.
OTC Drugs, Prescriptions and Herbs
Women should check with their doctors before taking any over-the-counter or prescription medications or herbs. While it is best to avoid over-the-counter drugs during pregnancy, some drugs such as Tylenol can be safe in moderation. Some prescriptions may be safe to continue during pregnancy; if not, doctors can help mothers find alternatives that are safe. Some herbs actually enhance pregnancy, while others are harmful. Women should not take any herbs unless under the guidance of a professional.
Warning
If women find themselves unable to stop using drugs during pregnancy, they may have an addiction. Drug abuse of any kind is serious, especially during pregnancy. Women should seek help and support immediately. It is never too late in a pregnancy to stop using drugs.
