White blood cells, or WBCs, are the body's main mechanisms for fighting off sickness. A low white blood cell count means very few of these cells, also called leukocytes, are circulating through the blood. When a child's immune system is compromised by a decrease in white blood cells, it is important to take preventative measures to ensure he doesn't fall victim to lurking germs and disease.
Causes
A number of factors can influence a decline in white blood cells in children, although most impair bone marrow function, where white blood cells are born. Typical causes can include viral infection, congenital disorders, cancer or other diseases, autoimmune disorders and drugs, says the Mayo Clinic. Allergic reactions, an overactive thyroid, lupus and radiation therapy are among the more specific causes that can lead to a low WBC count.
Diagnosis
A simple blood test can determine whether a child has a low white blood cell count. In combination with other tests, a doctor can usually then ascertain the cause of that decline. Kids suffering from a low blood count are vulnerable to contracting other sicknesses or disease and often must take precautionary measures, such as wearing a face mask, avoiding others who might be sick and washing hands frequently.
Neutropenia
Neutropenia is a condition in which neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that fights bacteria and fungi, are prevented from being released into the blood stream. Neutropenia often goes away when a virus or infection clears up. Some cases, however, might require specific medical treatment, such as growth factors, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapies, notes the Mayo Clinic.
Lymphocytopenia
Lymphocytes are another type of white blood cell that help protect a child's body from viral infections. Lymphocytopenia occurs when these cells are reduced to abnormally low levels as a result of certain medications, viruses, genetic disorders and other factors, according to the Mayo Clinic. The condition typically goes away with medications such as gamma globulin and similar immunotherapy drugs.
Care
In addition to avoiding other sick people, washing hands and wearing a face mask, you can help your child cope with a low white blood cell count through specific nutritional methods. Chiefly, foods that are more likely to contain germs should be avoided, recommends the American Cancer Society. These included raw and uncooked meats, unpasteurized dairy products, unwashed raw vegetables and well water. Food should be properly pre-washed, cooked well and stored in sanitary conditions.
