Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, occurs in over 65 million individuals in the United States, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A blood pressure reading has two numbers. The top number measures the pressure of the blood as the heart pumps the lower number measures the pressure while the heart is at rest. Hypertension occurs with readings greater than 120 over 80. Risk factors for developing hypertension include a family history of the condition, smoking, diabetes and obesity. Symptoms of high blood pressure usually begin when blood pressure gets extremely high, possibly life-threatening level.
Headache
High blood pressure readings may cause a severe headache, according to MayoClinic.com. The pounding, throbbing pain may occur because of the increased pressure on the blood vessels surrounding the brain. A headache caused by hypertension may signal an impending stroke because of a leak or rupture in a vessel. For severe hypertension, the brain may begin to swell and cause a worsening headache along with nausea and vomiting. These symptoms represent a medical emergency and require immediate treatment.
Dizziness, Fatigue and Visual Changes
Dizziness and a flushed face may occur in an individual with hypertension. High pressure in the arteries in the eye may cause swelling of the retina, which can lead to blurred vision, according to The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library Home Edition. Some individuals may experience fatigue related to the increased blood pressure.
Nosebleed
A nosebleed may occur in combination with high blood pressure. The increased pressure on the blood vessels supplying blood to the septum in the middle of the nose may cause bleeding. Most nosebleeds drain out the front of the nose through the nostrils and first aid measures such as tilting forward and pinching the nose may stop the bleeding. Nosebleeds associated with high blood pressure may begin to bleed further up the nose and drain down the back of the throat, making it more difficult to control the bleeding. Nosebleeds that do not stop on their own may require cauterization or packing by a physician, according to FamilyDoctor.org.
