Nicotine gum is commonly used as a means to help wean smokers off of cigarettes. The gum is available in 2 and 4 mg-strengths, according to Net Doctor. Nicotine gum is available internationally, and may be obtained with or without a prescription. While nicotine gum has many benefits, it still carries a risk for dangerous effects in some people.
Birth Defects
According to Drugs.com, the nicotine in nicotine gum can pass through the mother's body directly to the womb, putting unborn children at risk for birth defects. The defects are linked to nicotine's retardation of fetal development, reports Net Doctor. Because smoking delivers more toxins to the fetus than chewing nicotine gum, doctors sometimes prescribe it to help pregnant smokers abstain during their pregnancies. These patients will be carefully monitored while using the gum.
Allergic Reaction
Some people are allergic to nicotine. According to Drugs.com, the signs of an allergic reaction to nicotine gum include skin rashes, hives, and difficulty breathing. Tightness in the chest, a pounding heart, and facial swelling may also be a sign of allergic reaction. This constitutes a medical emergency and assistance should be sought immediately.
Heart Rate Changes
According to Net Doctor, nicotine gum has been linked to abnormal heart palpitations and heart rates. These may take different forms depending on how the patient is reacting to the gum and the strength of the gum. The Oral Cancer Foundation notes, however, that even low doses in young smokers can lead to increased resting heart rates. Net Doctor says that, for some patients, heartbeats simply become more noticeable. For individuals with a history of heart trouble, however, the nicotine gum can cause arrhythmias and uneven beating patterns just like regular nicotine. People with a history of heart problems or arrhythmia should consult a doctor before using nicotine gum.
