Most women who become pregnant want to have a healthy baby, and following a nutritious diet promotes proper growth and development for a fetus. A baby's health and safety involves more than just eating the right foods, it also requires avoiding some foods and habits that can be dangerous to a growing fetus. Some forms of nutrition can be particularly harmful before a baby is born.
Fish
Fish and shellfish are good sources of nutrition, as they contain protein and omega-3 fatty acids and reduce the incidence of heart disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration states that nearly all fish have some traces of mercury,which is pollutant that can cause damage to the developing fetal brain. While women do not need to avoid fish altogether during pregnancy, they should not eat fish that contain high levels, such as king mackerel, tilefish, swordfish and shark. The FDA recommends women eat up to 12 oz. per week of fish that is low in mercury, such as salmon, canned light tuna, pollock and catfish.
Alcohol
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that there is no amount of alcohol that is safe to use during pregnancy. Alcohol can cause birth defects and can affect a baby's appearance, body growth and intellectual abilities. A woman who drinks during pregnancy may also eat less nutritious foods when alcohol replaces nutrition. This can cause further problems with infant growth and a lack of essential nutrients.
Growth
Women with inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are at increased risk of having a baby with intrauterine growth retardation, also known as IUGR. According to findings from a 2004 study led by Guoyao Wu and published in "The Journal of Nutrition," a diet lacking protein and some micronutrients reduces growth of both the fetus and the placenta during pregnancy. The condition causes various medical complications, including a low birth weight, a 50 percent increase in stillbirth and higher risks of complications with the heart, lungs and circulatory system.
Considerations
Some foods may contain bacteria that cause infection in a fetus. Avoid eating raw foods that are normally cooked, such as eggs. Deli meats may contain listeria, a type of bacteria that can cause miscarriage. Do not eat soft cheeses such as brie, camembert, feta or Roquefort, and drink only pasteurized milk. Wash all vegetables and fruits before eating to rinse any lingering pesticides.
Significance
KidsHealth from the Nemours Foundation suggests that pregnant women eat plenty of foods containing protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, folic acid, calcium and iron, and to drink water regularly. Some types of foods that are nutrient-dense include lean meats, such as chicken or turkey; whole grain bread and pasta; vegetables, such as carrots, broccoli, tomatoes and dark, leafy greens; fruits, including apples, bananas, oranges and peaches; and low-fat dairy products, such as milk, hard cheese and yogurt.
