Fungus of the scalp, or tinea capitis, is caused by the mold-like fungi dermatophytes, according to MedlinePlus. It usually only affects children and quickly disappears at puberty. It can, however, occur at any age and affect anyone. Ringworm, the fungus that causes this condition, thrives in warm, moist areas such as bathrooms, locker rooms or swimming areas. Individuals who have minor skin or scalp injuries, poor hygiene or excessively wet skin such as from sweating have an increased risk of contraction.
Selenium Sulfide Shampoo
Selenium sulfide is an anti-infective agent that helps relieve itching and flaking of the scalp, notes the DermNet NZ website. In addition to treating tinea capitis, it also is helpful in fighting other scalp conditions such as pityriasis versicolor and dandruff. The 2.5 percent formula requires a prescription as over-the-counter versions are not strong enough to ward off the fungal infection. Standard treatment requires applying a lather of the shampoo for 2 to 3 minutes before rinsing off and repeating with a second wash each day. Length of use depends on the severity of the fungal infection.
Zinc Pyrithione/Selenium/Zinc Shampoo
Zinc pyrithione, at 1 to 2 percent, mixed with selenium and ureal is an antiseborrheic, antifungal medication that decreases the excessive growth of the skin that causes flaking and itching while also eliminating sensitive fungi, according to Drugs.com. Topical application of this shampoo requires daily use for a time length depending on the progression of the infection. The risk of this medicated item interacting with other drugs is minimal as it does not absorb into the skin. However, patients should always tell their physician about any medication they are taking prior to use.
Povidone-Iodine Cream and Shampoo
Povidone-iodine is an antiseptic combination cream that works by killing sensitive bacteria and fungi. According to DermNet NZ, povidone-iodine is also available as a shampoo to treat fungal infections of the scalp. Scalp infections will usually require the shampoo, although the cream may be appropriate for certain individuals.
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole cream is effective against a broad spectrum of fungi, particularly dermatophytes. It is available in a 2 percent shampoo and cream that requires at least twice a week application, according to DermNet NZ. However, actual dosing and length of treatment depends on the severity of the infection.
Oral Medications
Tinea capitis requires the use of oral antifungal agents. Griseofulvin is the most effective medication, and is usually the first line of defense in treatment. It is effective against the common dermatophyte Microsporum canis. Terbinafine, itraconazole or fluconazole are oral antifungals effective in eradicating infections caused by another common dermatophyte, Trichophyton. Treatment usually last 4 to 6 weeks under close observation of a physician. Combination of both oral and topical treatments may be prescribed for speedy results. However, oral medications may not always be successful, and patients may need to try other antifungals.
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