Developing swollen lips from an allergic reaction is a concerning symptom of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that affects the entire body, sending it into shock. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition and needs immediate attention, as it can be fatal. Allergy testing can determine allergens that could cause a severe allergic reaction before exposure. Patients should talk with an allergist if they suspect severe allergies.
Cause
Swollen lips from an allergic reaction are caused by an abnormal amount of histamine throughout the body. When an allergen enters the body, the immune system attempts to fight it off with IgE antibodies. The antibodies cause mast cells to produce histamine. This action is a normal process of warding off harmful viruses and bacteria, but when the immune system overreacts to a substance, it can lead to too much histamine, resulting in shock.
Symptoms
Swollen lips are only one symptom of a severe allergic reaction. If the lips swell after exposure to an allergen without any other symptoms, it may not lead to anaphylaxis, but should still be evaluated by a doctor. Other symptoms of a severe allergic reaction include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, dull pulse, fainting, dizziness, confusion and anxiety.
Triggers
The most common triggers for swollen lips from an allergic reaction are medications, insect bites and foods, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Any medication can cause a severe allergic reaction in anyone. All medication should be discussed with a physician before taking. Any signs of an allergic reaction should be disclosed to the doctor. Insect bites such as wasps, bees and fire ants can all cause swollen lips. Certain food proteins found in shellfish, diary and eggs can cause an allergic reaction accompanied with swollen lips.
Treatment
If swollen lips are not accompanied by any other symptoms, take an over-the-counter first-generation antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine, and call the doctor. An antihistamine will restrict the body from releasing histamine and should reduce the swelling in the lips. If swollen lips are accompanied with other symptoms of anaphylaxis, emergency medication is required, such as an epinephrine shot. An epinephrine shot will keep the person's blood pressure normal and allow for easy breathing.
Prevention
MayoClinic.com states the best prevention is identifying the triggers that cause lip swelling and avoid them. The triggers can be identified by making an appointment with an allergist, who will perform tests to determine the different allergens that affect the person.
