When people with obstructive sleep apnea fall asleep, their muscles relax, their airways collapse, and they experience apnea, or intermittent pauses in their breathing. Continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, machines deliver air at preset pressure to keep the airways open, while BiPAP, or bilevel positive airway pressure, machines deliver a column of air at a lower pressure during exhalation and a higher pressure during inhalation. BiPAP and CPAP machines have three similar components: an air compressor unit, a mask for the face and tubing to connect the machine to the interface. It takes time to adjust to the effects of the equipment.)
Sensory Issues
While compressor units today are quieter than earlier models, they do produce an audible hum. People who use BiPAP or CPAP can feel and hear the column of air moving through the tubing and mask. Some feel claustrophobic when they wear masks, while individuals who move around a lot during the night feel constrained by the tubing and machinery, says the National Sleep Foundation. New users can consider desensitization training that begins with short-term use of the equipment and gradually builds up to a full night of use over time.
Upper Respiratory Problems
As the column of air passes through the mouth and nose, it dries out the mucous membranes. Many people complain of mouth dryness or soreness, as well as a runny nose, nasal congestion, nose bleeds and sneezing. The American Sleep Apnea Association recommends using CPAP or BiPAP machines with built-in cold water humidifiers or heated humidifiers. Prescription nasal steroid sprays and allergy medications can also relieve these upper respiratory symptoms. However, the National Sleep Foundation notes, upper respiratory infections are one possible side effects of CPAP and BiPAP use.
Skin Irritation
Masks and the headgear that hold them in place can press on skin surfaces including the bridge of the nose, cheeks and forehead. Unless the equipment is well-fitted and properly adjusted each night, it may cause skin irritation and even pressure sores. Working with a sleep care professional to find just the right combination of mask, cushions and straps to ensure a good fit without undue pressure on the skin is recommended, advises the MayoClinic.com.
Chest Discomfort
Some people complain of chest muscle discomfort as they acclimate to the higher pressure in their airways. However, MedlinePlus, a service of the National Institutes of Health, says this problem typically goes away on its own.
