According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, substance abuse can have a wide variety of negative consequences on physical and emotional development during the teen years. Parents can support their adolescent children by learning more about the risks of teen substance abuse and carefully monitoring their child's behavior and development.
Significance
Sources at the Partnership for a Drug-Free America note that adolescence is a period of significant personal development. Research indicates that the abuse of substances during the teen years can cause critical disruptions in healthy development, and it places young people at higher risk for addiction as adults. As such, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommends that individuals delay the consumption of alcohol until their adult years, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry strongly advises against the use of illicit drugs.
Physical Risks
Adolescents who abuse substances have a higher risk of accidents that may produce serious physical injuries. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention notes that teens who abuse drugs and alcohol are more likely to be involved in alcohol- or drug-related automobile accidents. Overdoses and the associated injuries and health problems are also a serious physical risk.
Psychological Effects
The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry notes that adolescent substance abuse can result in serious psychological issues. Many youths will develop depression, anxiety disorders and even suicidal tendencies due to excessive consumption of alcohol or psychoactive drugs. In addition, the brain's cognitive abilities are still developing during adolescence, and substance abuse can inhibit this development, leaving the individual less prepared for future learning.
Social Consequences
Many adolescents who abuse substances face serious social consequences. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that substance abuse often leads to school failure and problems with the law. In addition, youths who use substances on a regular basis may disengage from community activities and, thus, may have fewer positive relationships with peers. Teen who do not complete school or underperform may have difficulty continuing to higher education or securing adequate employment.
Expert Insight
Authorities at the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry note that parents and other adults can be critical to the prevention of adolescent substance abuse. Youths who exhibit signs of abuse, such as a marked change in personality, a drop in school performance, depressed mood or oppositional behavior, should be referred to a medical doctor or psychological specialist for a complete assessment. Early intervention is often the key to successfully resolving patterns of substance abuse, and adults, including teachers, coaches or mentors, should play an active role in this process.
References
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Underage Drinking
- American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Teens: Alcohol and Other Drugs
- The Partnership for a Drug-Free America: Immature Brain May Place Teenagers at Elevated Risk to the Effects of Drug Use
- Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: Consequences of Youth Substance Abuse
- Centers for Disease Control: Underage Drinking
