Potassium is an essential mineral that helps regulate heart, kidney, muscle, nerve and digestive functions. A potassium deficiency, also called hypokalemia, can be a dangerous condition if left untreated, especially in children. Often, a doctor will prescribe a high-potassium diet for kids who suffer from low levels of the mineral. In more severe cases, hospitalization might be necessary.
Causes
Low potassium levels can occur in children for a variety of reasons. Often, sickness is a primary culprit, particularly if there is excessive fluid loss. Vomiting and diarrhea can significantly lower potassium levels. Sweating, whether from fever or extended exercise, can also impair potassium levels. Furthermore, a diet much higher in sodium than potassium can lead to a deficiency in the latter.
Symptoms
Potassium deficiency in children is characterized by multiple symptoms. Lethargy, irregular heartbeat and numbness are common. Other symptoms might include muscle weakness, cramping and severe thirst. While rare, cardiac arrest can occur if potassium becomes dangerously low in infants and children as a result of protracted vomiting or diarrhea.
Identification
A blood or urine test is generally sufficient for diagnosing low potassium in kids. Normal potassium levels range from 3.5 to 5 milliequivalents per liter of blood, according to the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center College of Medicine at Penn State University. Low potassium levels dip below 3.5.
Diet
A high-potassium diet is often prescribed for treating low potassium levels in children. Many fruits and vegetables contain high levels of potassium, particularly when consumed raw. Kid-friendly selections include bananas, oranges, sweet potatoes and tomatoes. A combination of fruits can be blended in a smoothie for an easy snack or breakfast meal.
Treatment
Treating low potassium in kids depends on the severity of the condition. Severe deficiency is often addressed in a hospital by intravenous fluids containing potassium. In addition to fruits and vegetables, sports drinks high in potassium are beneficial following periods of intense exercise or protracted vomiting or diarrhea. Kids who continuously suffer from the condition should have their blood checked regularly, particularly if they take medication that could affect potassium levels.
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