Muscle spasms and leg cramps are caused by sudden involuntary contractions of the muscles. Spasms and cramps are common problems, often occurring after periods of exercise or strenuous labor. While the conditions may cause pain and discomfort, they usually do not produce long-term damage. Recurring episodes may be an indication of a more serious medical condition, such as a brain or nerve disorder, and should be examined by a doctor.
Common Causes of Muscle Spasms and Leg Cramps
In many cases, it is not clear what causes muscles to spasm and cramp. MayoClinic.com reports that fatigue, overuse of muscles, muscle strains and dehydration can cause muscles to spasm. It is also common for cramps to occur when muscles are held in one position for an extended period of time.
More Serious Causes of Muscle Spasms and Leg Cramps
Sometimes muscle spasms and leg cramps are indications of a more serious medical condition. According to MedlinePlus, a service of the National Institutes of Health, they often occur when there is an inadequate blood supply to the muscles. This condition may be result of a narrowing of the arteries that deliver blood to the muscles; especially in the legs. Cramps and spasms in the leg muscles may also result from a diet deficient in certain minerals and vitamins, specifically potassium, magnesium, calcium and vitamin D.
Illnesses, Diseases and Medical Conditions That Cause Muscle Spasms and Leg Cramps
Certain illnesses and diseases, including diabetes, thyroid disorders and kidney disease, have been shown to contribute to muscle spasms and leg cramps. MedlinePlus reports that brain conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis also cause muscles to cramp. Spinal chord injuries, pinched nerves or other conditions affecting the nerves also result in periods of muscle spasms.
