A canker sore, also called aphthous ulcers, is a small benign lesion that develops in the mouth, usually on areas of soft tissue, such as the palate. Unlike cold sores, canker sores develop inside of the mouth only. According to Medline Plus, canker sores affect women more than men and usually appear between the ages of 10 to 40.
Causes
The exact cause of the development of a canker sore on the palate is unknown, but a number of possible contributing factors have been identified. Genetics and certain autoimmune conditions are believed to predispose certain people to developing canker sores. Nutritional deficiencies, specifically B12, zinc, folate and iron, are also thought to contribute to canker sores. Mouth injuries from dental work, accidental bites or hot foods may cause canker sores. Food sensitivities and allergies can also contribute to the development of a canker sore on the palate.
Symptoms
Medline Plus notes that a canker sore typically begins as a tingling or burning sensation in the affected area before a lesion is even present. When a canker sore becomes visible, it appears as a round or oval sore that has a white or yellow center with a red border, according to MayoClinic.com. Most canker sores are small, but they can grow to a one-inch diameter in severe cases.
Treatment
The majority of canker sores do not require medical intervention. If canker sores are persistent or extremely large and painful, they may be treated with the use of medicated mouth rinses or prescription mouth pastes. Oral steroid medications can also help to reduce the pain associated with a canker sore. If it is determined that a canker sore is caused by a nutritional deficiency, supplements of specific vitamins can also reduce symptoms. Cleveland Clinic notes that most canker sores heal between seven to 10 days.
Complications
Some types of medication for canker sores may lead to the development of oral thrush, which is a mouth infection caused by Candida yeast. In rare cases, bacterial infections, such as cellulitis, may develop. It is important to note that canker sores do not develop into oral cancer; however, if a sore has been present in the mouth for more than two weeks, it may indicate oral cancer and should be evaluated by a doctor.
Prevention
MayoClinic.com suggests a number of things that can be done to prevent the development of a canker sore on the palate. Avoiding spicy foods or acidic foods can help reduce the chances of injuring the mouth and a resulting canker sore. Practicing good oral hygiene can keep the mouth clear of any lingering foods or substances that may cause a canker sore. Following a healthy, balanced diet can also help prevent nutritional deficiencies that may cause canker sores.
