Magnesium stearate is a chemical substance with a variety of both medicinal and industrial uses. One of its commonest uses, according to the United States National Library of Medicine Toxicology Data Network, is in tablets, particularly nutritional supplements as a lubricant to prevent adherence and sticking of the tablet powdered particles to the pressing machine. It is also used in baby powder, food packaging and in cosmetics, and as an anti-caking ingredient in foods. Magnesium stearate is essentially the metal magnesium attached to a fatty acid. Its use may be associated with some side effects.
Renal Complications Demonstrated in Laboratory Animals
The United States National Library of Medicine Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) lists the toxic effects that occurred when magnesium stearate was fed to experimental rats. In some rats, urinary stones developed, and in others a condition known as nephrocalcinosis occurred, where excess calcium deposits in the kidneys. Nephrocalcinosis is a dangerous condition that may lead to kidney damage and failure.
Human Health Effects
The United States National Library of Medicine Toxicology Data Network lists various potential health side effects of magnesium stearate in humans. The network has deemed the chemical slightly toxic if ingested. There have even been reports of deaths following accidental inhalation of baby dusting powder containing magnesium stearate as an ingredient. In cases of accidental ingestion of a large dose, it can result in acute magnesium toxicity manifested by weakness, a drop in blood pressure and a slowing of the heart.
Other Adverse Effects
The International Programme on Chemical Safety mentions several chemical hazards related to magnesium stearate. In addition to being spontaneously combustible, magnesium stearate is said to emit toxic fumes and pungent smoke when heated. The International Programme on Chemical Safety further enumerates that this can affect breathing and cause the development of coughing. Vomiting can also be triggered as a result of the ingestion of magnesium particles scattered in the air as a result of heating.
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