Intrathecal chemotherapy is a form of chemotherapy that is injected directly into the spinal column or the brain. For intrathecal chemotherapy injected into the brain, a special device called an Ommaya reservoir is inserted surgically underneath the scalp to deliver the medication to the appropriate area of the brain. Side effects of intrathecal chemotherapy can vary slightly depending on the medications used.
Over-concentration
According to Drugs.com, a serious side effect of intrathecal chemotherapy is the possible over concentration of chemotherapy in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is also possible that the chemotherapy may leak into other areas of the body not intended to receive the medication. Doctors use strict precautions to help prevent these side effects from occurring though it is still a possibility. Patients should follow post-chemotherapy instructions closely. These instructions may require that the patient lie flat for a certain amount of time, and it may be necessary to increase fluid intake. Instructions may vary between doctors, and depends on the medication injected.
Headache
Administration of intrathecal chemotherapy is similar to a spinal tap, in which a needle is inserted directly into the spinal column. A headache can present itself if a leakage of cerebrospinal fluid occurs. If a headache gets worse with time or movement, patients should contact their physician immediately.
Nausea and Vomiting
Stomach upset is a common side effect with any chemotherapy regimen. Nausea and vomiting may occur immediately after administration of the chemo, or hours later. Doctors may prescribe anti-nausea medications to help combat these side effects, such as Zofran or Phenergan, explains the New York Times Health Guides. Excessive vomiting can lead to dehydration and must be prevented.
Visual Disturbances
Intrathecal chemotherapy may cause the patient to feel dizzy or light headed, or experience blurred vision. To help prevent these side effects, the patient should rest after the administration of the chemotherapy.
Lowered Immunity
Intrathecal chemotherapy weakens the immune system by destroying not only cancerous cells, but good cells as well. It may be necessary for the patient to avoid crowded places or wear a mask when around other people. Special dietary precautions may also be required. In these circumstances, all foods must be washed and cooked thoroughly, and buffet style restaurants are to be avoided. Depending on the medication given, the doctor will provide the patient with the necessary precautions that should be taken.
