Acid reflux occurs when stomach acids back into the esophagus and the throat, usually after a meal. In addition to an unpleasant taste in the mouth, acid reflux can cause nausea, abdominal pain and heartburn. Although occasional acid reflux is seldom cause for concern, recurrent or severe symptoms may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease. Roughly half of those with GERD experience nausea after eating, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Acid reflux is often managed through dietary or lifestyle changes and medications.
Causes
Though the specific cause of acid reflux and GERD remains unknown, physical abnormalities and hernias may contribute, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Obesity, pregnancy and smoking are also considered risk factors for acid reflux and GERD. Certain foods and activities, such as eating quickly or lying down after eating, can trigger symptoms in people prone to acid reflux and related symptoms.
Additional Symptoms
In addition to nausea, acid reflux may cause a sour or bitter taste in the mouth, uncomfortable fullness during or following meals and abdominal pain. Heartburn, or a tight pain behind the sternum or abdomen, may also accompany acid reflux. Heartburn is less common in children with chronic acid reflux, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Children tend to experience asthmatic symptoms, a dry cough or difficulty swallowing.
Food Triggers
People who experience frequent or recurrent acid reflux may find that particular foods and beverages trigger or exacerbate symptoms. Foods that may trigger acid reflux and nausea include citrus fruits, tomatoes, spaghetti sauce, chocolate, high-fat and fried foods, garlic, onions, spicy foods and foods flavored with mint. Caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks and alcoholic beverages may also trigger symptoms.
Treatment
Acid reflux and nausea may be treated with over-the-counter antacids or prescription medications that help the muscles near the stomach function properly or reduce acid production. For those who are overweight, dietary changes and exercise can help prevent acid reflux and nausea. When acid reflux indicates GERD and medications and lifestyle changes fail to improve symptoms, doctors may suggest one of several surgical options.
Complications
Mild cases of acid reflux and nausea are not associated with long-term complications. Chronic GERD, however, if left untreated, can lead to serious health problems, such as bleeding ulcers, tissue damage in the esophagus and an increased risk of esophageal cancer. For this reason, GERD complications require close monitoring by a doctor, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. GERD may also exacerbate symptoms of asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and chronic cough.
