A colectomy is surgery to remove a section of or the entire colon to help treat or prevent certain diseases that affect the colon. A laparoscopic colectomy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a tiny video camera and tools are passed through an incision and used to help the surgeon free the colon from surrounding tissue. The colon is then removed through a small incision in the abdomen and, once repaired, is reinserted through an incision.
Bleeding or Blood Clots
Bleeding inside the abdomen is a potential complication following a laparoscopic colectomy. Another concern could be blood clots in the veins of the abdomen or legs. These clots, referred to as deep vein thrombosis, can also travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism, according to MedlinePlus.
Infection
Another potential complication following a laparoscopic colectomy as with most surgical procedures, is infection. Infections can occur in the lung, urinary tract and abdomen. Wound infections can occur, particularly if the wound breaks open.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia is bulging tissue through the incision. According to the Medscape General Medicine's article "Laparoscopic Colectomy," hernias, although commonly reported with other minimally invasive procedures, are a rare occurrence after laparoscopic colectomy surgery.
Damage to Other Organs
Injury to other organs near the colon can occur following a laparoscopic colectomy. These organs may include damage to the bladder, small intestines, blood vessels, ureter and the urinary bladder.
Leakage
According to Medscape General Medicine's article entitled "Laparoscopic Colectomy," abdominal abscesses and anastomotic leak occur in 1.1 percent and 0.7 percent of cases. Leakage from the bowel as well as leakage from the connection made between the two ends of the intestine can occur following a laparoscopic colectomy. Tears in the sutures that reconnect the parts in the digestive system can result in leakage.
Anesthesia Reactions
Anesthesia reactions, such as an allergic reaction to medicine or breathing difficulties, can occur following laparoscopic colectomy surgery, as with most operations.
Intestinal Obstruction
An intestinal obstruction is when food or stool cannot move through the intestines. An intestinal obstruction can occur with hernias or as a result of adhesions formed during abdominal surgery, including laparoscopic colectomy surgery. An intestinal obstruction can also occur due to the formation of scar tissue. Scar tissue can form in the abdomen following surgery and can cause a blockage in the intestines.
