Proviron, the brand name for the medication mesterolone, is a synthetic version of the male hormone known as dihydrotestosterone---DHT. The chemical structure of Proviron, 1-methyl-5α-dihydrotestosterone, differs from other synthetic steroids allowing it to act differently in the body. Considered a weak steroid, as described by Kicman in the 2008 issue of the "British Journal of Pharmacology," Proviron fails to produce the classic unwanted side effects of synthetic steroids, but enhances the level of testosterone in the body resulting in several positive side effects.
Fertility Enhancement
A lack of testosterone, a condition known as male hypogonadism, contributes to male infertility. A fine balance of hormone controls the production of sperm and overall male fertility. The brain releases gonadotropic-releasing hormone which signals the pituitary gland to produce and release lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormones---the two hormones that stimulate the testes to produce testosterone and sperm, according to Stanford University. Normally much of the free testosterone binds to sex hormone binding globulin---SHBG. Proviron also binds to SHBG, therefore leaving more testosterone free, which enhances fertility.
Increased Muscle Mass
Testosterone levels influence the growth of muscles, which explains why so many athletes choose to take synthetic steroids. Muscle cells contain anabolic receptors that bind testosterone. Once testosterone binds, it signals the cell to produce contractile proteins that help the muscle contract harder and structural proteins that make the cell grow bigger. By enhancing the level of free testosterone, Proviron increases muscle mass.
Decreased Estrogen Levels
Although considered a female hormone, men also produce estrogen. Aromatase enzyme, found in the brain, gonads, skin, bones and blood vessels, binds testosterone and converts it to estrogen. Proviron also binds to aromatase enzyme therefore blocking testosterone from binding to the enzyme. This decreases the level of estrogen produced and increases the level of testosterone left free. Because estrogen stimulates water buildup in the body, a decrease in estrogen production reduces water buildup therefore helping muscles appear leaner.
Reduction in Impotence
Impotence, also called erectile dysfunction, describes a condition in which men cannot achieve or maintain an erection. Although many men fail to seek help, erectile dysfunction affects approximately 15 to 30 million men in the United States, according to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. One of the main causes of impotence is a lack of testosterone, according to a study published in the spring 2000 issue of "Reviews in Urology". By increasing the levels of free testosterone, Proviron helps to reduce the incidence of impotence.
