The tonsils are two large glands in the back of the throat that help fight infection by trapping bacteria and other potentially harmful organisms. Occasionally, the tonsils can become so overwhelmed with these harmful substances that they become inflamed and cause a condition called tonsillitis.
When Surgery is Recommended
Occasional bouts of tonsillitis are common and a combination of antibiotics and bed rest can usually treat it. If a person has recurrent episodes of tonsillitis, the surgical removal of the tonsils, or a tonsillectomy, may be recommended. Recurrent episodes of strep throat may also indicate the need for a tonsillectomy. Other reasons for a tonsillectomy include situations in which the patient is have trouble breathing or eating due to large tonsils, or the tonsils are causing sleep apnea.
Preparing for Surgery
Before the day of surgery, a blood test and physical exam are given to determine overall general health. Stopping the use of aspirin or ibuprofen approximately 10 days before the date of surgery is usually recommended to avoid any chance of increased or uncontrollable bleeding. The patient is also asked not to drink or eat anything for several hours prior to surgery, according to MedlinePlus.
Surgery Basics
Most tonsillectomies are performed under general anesthesia and take approximately 20 to 30 minutes, according to KidsHealth.org. Although the surgery is quick, the patient is not released until general anesthesia has worn off, which can take four hours. Most patients are released on the same day, but if complications occur during surgery, an overnight observation may be required.
Types of Tonsillectomies
The most common method of tonsil surgery is called cold knife dissection, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology. The procedure consists of the complete removal of the tonsils with a scalpel. Another tonsillectomy method is electrocautery, which is the use of intense heat to burn off the tonsils and cauterize the wound. The harmonic scalpel technique may also be used. During this surgery, ultrasonic vibrations are used to generate a high amount of energy to completely remove the tonsils. KidsHealth.org notes that a procedure called an intracapsular tonsillectomy may also be used. During this procedure, most of the tonsils are removed, but a small layer is left in the back of the throat to help protect the throat muscles.
Surgical Risks
Tonsillectomies are fairly simple procedures, but they do carry some risks. As with any surgery, anesthesia poses the risk for breathing difficulties, allergic reactions and possible death. The risks for the surgical procedure include excessive bleeding and infections. Injury to the uvula may also occur, according to MedlinePlus.
