Brittle fingernails can be, at best, annoying and, at worst, extremely painful if nails are brittle enough to split up the nail bed. In most cases, brittle nails are treatable and preventable. Keeping your nails clean and protected can prevent some causes of brittle nails.
Infection
A fungal infection, called onychomycosis, can cause fingernails to become brittle. Onychomycosis may also cause your nails to thicken, darken and become dull. A fungal infection may start out as a small white or yellow spot under your nail and, if left untreated, will worsen with the passing of time. Over-the-counter treatments are not as effective as prescription oral or topical antifungal medications. If the infection is causing extreme pain, surgery is an option. Reinfection is common with nail fungus, so be sure to carefully follow your doctor's instructions for treatment and don't stop treatment before it is recommended.
Disease
Some diseases can cause fingernails to become brittle. Hypothyroidism, a condition in which your thyroid does not make enough hormones, is one example. Other diseases that can make nails brittle involve the kidneys, lungs and liver, according to MedlinePlus. Treating the underlying condition will usually clear up a brittle nail problem, although it can take time to see results. Keep nails trimmed short to prevent breakage while you wait for your nails to strengthen. Rule out any underlying condition before trying herbal or dietary remedies, according to the New York University Langone Medical Center.
Other Causes
It is not unusual for your nails to become brittle as you get older. However, if only your fingernails are brittle and not your toenails--or the other way around--an external cause may be the culprit. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, repeated wetting and drying of the nails is the most common cause of dry, brittle fingernails. Repeated exposure to cleaning products and nail polish remover can also make nails brittle. Wear gloves while cleaning to protect your nails. Soak dry and brittle fingernails in water for five minutes before applying moisturizer. If they are soft and brittle, try to minimize exposure to water and chemical treatments and apply a coat of nail treatment that is reinforced with nylon fibers to add strength.
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