Hardening of the arteries is a condition referred to as atherosclerosis. Healthy arteries are elastic and flexible and allow blood to flow freely through them. Plaque, which is mainly made up of fat and cholesterol, will begin to accumulate on arteries that are constantly exposed to damage and will cause them to harden. Hardened arteries prevent proper blood flow and can lead to heart diseases, heart attack and stroke.
Lifestyle Modifications
One of the most important steps in treating the hardening of the arteries is to make lifestyle changes. Because hardening of the arteries can develop due to smoking and alcohol use, it is important to quit smoking and consume alcohol in moderation, if at all. Excessive alcohol use increases blood pressure and the amount of triglycerides in the blood, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Following a low-fat and low-salt diet can also help prevent plaque from forming on the arterial walls by lowering the amount of cholesterol in the blood and reducing blood pressure in the arteries. Following a regular exercise routine and maintaining a healthy weight are also important factors in treating atherosclerosis. Regular exercise can help to lower bad cholesterol and high blood pressure.
Medications
A variety of different medications are available for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol medications can be used to lower LDL cholesterol, which is considered the bad cholesterol, and raise HDL cholesterol, which is referred to as good cholesterol. Cholesterol medications may also reverse the damage that has already been done to the arteries, according to MayoClinic.com. A class of medications called beta-blockers may also be used to lower heart rate, which results in lower blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, inhibitors work by lowering blood pressure, which can slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Anti-platelet medications may also be given to reduce the possibility of blood clot formation and decrease the chances of having a heart attack or stroke.
Surgical Procedures
A number of surgical procedures are also available for the treatment of atherosclerosis. One of the most common procedures is called an angioplasty. During an angioplasty, the surgeon will insert a thin tube that contains a deflated balloon into the hardened artery. Once the balloon is in place, the surgeon will inflate it, which puts pressure on the inside walls of the artery and opens them up. A stent is then placed into the artery to keep the passageway open. Bypass surgery is another common procedure, during which an artificial artery is made to allow blood to bypass the blockage. In some cases, the plaque will be removed from the walls of the affected artery. This procedure is referred to as endarterectomy.
