The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood. There are two coronary arteries: the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery. The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right side of the heart, which pumps blood to the lungs. The left coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of the heart, which supplies blood to the left side and front of the heart, according to Cleveland Clinic. Coronary artery disease is a condition that occurs when plaque, which is mostly made up of fat and cholesterol, accumulates on the walls of the coronary arteries. Two vessel coronary artery disease is characterized by plaque buildup in both of the coronary arteries.
Causes
The accumulation of plaque on the walls of the arteries is a condition called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis may be caused by smoking, high amounts of fats and cholesterol in the blood due to poor diet and high blood pressure. Chronic high levels of blood glucose can also result in atherosclerosis. High blood glucose levels are usually associated with diabetics and those who are insulin resistant.
Symptoms
One of the most common symptoms of two-vessel coronary artery disease is angina, which is chest pain due to a lack of oxygen in the heart. Angina may be described as burning, squeezing, pressure or sharp pain, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Angina typically begins in the chest and then radiates to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw or back. Other symptoms of two vessel coronary artery disease include fatigue, shortness of breath and weakness.
Treatment
Treatment for two vessel coronary artery disease depends on the severity of the condition. Mild to moderate cases can usually be treated with a combination of medications that work together to lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol and relax the arteries. Blood thinners may also be recommended to thin the blood so that it can pass through the blocked arteries more freely. Patients with severe two vessel coronary artery disease may require surgery. During surgery, the surgeon will either use other blood vessels to bypass the blockages or will place a stent into the arteries to keep them open.
Complications
If left untreated, two vessel coronary artery disease can completely stop the flow of blood and cause a heart attack or complete heart failure. According to Medline Plus, two vessel coronary artery disease can also cause sudden death.
Prevention
MayoClinic.com recommends a number of lifestyle changes that can be made in order to decrease the chances of developing two vessel coronary artery disease. The cessation of smoking is one of the most important factors in preventing the condition. Following a low-fat, sodium restricted diet can also decrease cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and lower blood pressure. Engaging in regular exercise can also improve cardiovascular function and lower the chances of developing two vessel coronary artery disease.
