Alfalfa is a type of legume called medicago sativa. Historically, legumes have been recognized for their many dietary and health uses. According to Beans for Health, legumes are extremely versatile and nutritious foods. Alfalfa is commonly sold as a seed sprout. Preliminary studies cited by MedlinePlus suggest that alfalfa sprouts may help reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
Protein and Fat
Alfalfa is a good source of protein. Legumes are often eaten by vegetarians and vegans in place of meat and animal proteins because they provide ample protein without the saturated fats that animal-based products include. Alfalfa sprouts contain arginine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan, important amino acids used for cell growth and development. Alfalfa sprouts do, however, contain the amino acid canavanine, which may cause inflammation or allergy in some people.
Fiber
Alfalfa sprouts contain fiber, which is derived from indigestible plant food components. Eating sprouts can increase your intake of dietary fiber, which in turn helps to regulate the digestive system. Over time, the consumption of dietary fiber may help lower blood cholesterol levels. Low cholesterol can help prevent cardiac distress and disease.
Phytochemicals
Alfalfa sprouts contain saponins. Saponins can help lower LDL, or bad cholesterol, and fat levels in the body. Saponins will not decrease HDL levels. Saponins may even boost your immune system by increasing the activity of white blood cells. According to Living-Foods.com, alfalfa sprouts contain over 450 percent of saponin as compared to unsprouted seeds.
Vitamins
Alfalfa as a sprout is a good source of the fat-soluble vitamins D, E and K. One cup of alfalfa provides 10.1 mcg of vitamin K. Alfalfa also contains the water-soluble vitamins A and C. One cup of alfalfa sprouts provides 51.1 IU of vitamin A and 2.7 mg of vitamin C.
Minerals
Due to their high vitamin and mineral content, alfalfa sprouts have been used as herbal medicines for thousands of years. Important minerals found in alfalfa sprouts include phosphorus, chlorine, iron, silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, sodium and potassium. Because of it's high iron content, alfalfa may assist in treating anemia. According to thefoodchart.net, one cup of alfalfa contains 11.9 mcg of folate, 10.6 mg of calcium, 23.1 mg phosphorous, and 26.1 mg of potassium.
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