According to the American Heart Association, cholesterol does not dissolve in the blood. It must be transported by lipoproteins. There are two types of lipoproteins: high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which is considered good cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which is considered bad cholesterol. Lipoproteins are what carry cholesterol from cell to cell, but LDL can negatively effect the heart and brain, and must be controlled through nutrition and exercise.
Function
Cholesterol protects cell linings and nerves by providing a film to prevent damage. LDL cholesterol is produced and distributed by the liver. High LDL cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, the hardening and thickening of the artery walls. The plaque that builds due to the LDL cholesterol can block blood from reaching the heart and the brain. This puts you at risk of stroke and heart attack.
Significance
In order to lower LDL cholesterol, you need to raise HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol moves LDL cholesterol back to the liver where it can be turned into bile and used for digestion, writes the Spine Universe in the article, "Cholesterol and Arterial Corruption" by nutritionist Nancy Bennett, M.S., R.D. Vitamins and minerals to lower LDL cholesterol and protect HDL cholesterol are B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10.
Effects
Nutrients have a positive effect on lowering LDL cholesterol. B vitamins, such as B-3, B-6, B-12 and folic acid, writes Alicia Di Rado of USC Health Magazine, lower the amount of LDL cholesterol manufactured by the liver. Vitamin C and E are antioxidants that prevent LDL oxidation and raise HDL levels. Omega-3 fatty acids found in some fish, such as salmon, also lower LDL cholesterol while raising HDL. Finally, coenzyme Q10 deficiency inhibits the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, states Oregon State University. Food sources of coenzyme Q10 include meats, nuts and soybean products.
Theories/Speculation
Red wine may lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol, states Yale-New Haven Hospital. The antioxidants found in the skin of red grapes has been shown to promote heart health. These antioxidants, called flavonoids, decrease LDL cholesterol production, increase production of HDL cholesterol, and decrease blood clotting. As a general rule, the report states that the sweeter the wine, the fewer the flavonoids, and that Cabernet Sauvignon has the highest concentration of these antioxidants.
Expert Insight
The Mayo Clinic says vitamin B-3, or niacin, taken in doses over 1,000 milligrams can reduce LDL cholesterol. Unfortunately, doses of this amount or higher of vitamin B-3 can cause liver damage, so take this measure only under strict doctor's supervision. Potent food sources of vitamin B-3 are meat and dairy products.
