An intrauterine device, or IUD, is a small plastic device that is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. According to FamilyDoctor.org, a physician must insert an intrauterine device and it stays in place until he removes it.
Early History
The earliest models of intrauterine devices were to support the vaginal floor in conditions such as a prolapsed uterus. According to the Encyclopedia of Birth Control, the pessary was also found to prevent pregnancy and induce spontaneous abortion. In 1920, Grafenberg developed an IUD made of gut and silver wire. Infection was a problem with the early IUD's.
The Post-War Years
Following the war, physician Jack Lippes developed the Lippes loop from polyethylene. It consisted of two loops and was very effective. In the 1970's, a poorly tested model of IUD, the Dalkon Shield was rushed to market without proper testing, causing infections and leading to 17 deaths before being discontinued.
Current Models
There are two models of IUDs currently available in the United States: the ParaGard and Mirena. According to Planned Parenthood, the ParaGard contains copper and can stay in place up to 12 years; the Mirena releases a small amount of the hormone progestin and can stay in place for 5 years.
