Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a bothersome condition that can be unnerving for those experiencing it. Generally, a tightness or constricted feeling across the chest will cause trouble breathing. This discomfort of not getting enough air can have many causes, especially if there is fluid in the lungs as this specifically indicates congestive heart failure or pneumonia. However, in the absence of fluid, other causes are indicated. People experiencing shortness of breath that does not subside should seek immediate medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Asthma
Both allergy, chemical and exercise-induced asthma can cause shortness of breath upon exposure. During an asthma attack, the bronchial pathways tightly constrict, causing air flow to significantly decrease and shortness of breath. In asthmatics, the inner-linings of these airways are sore and swollen, making the bronchial tubes highly sensitive to external agents. Upon a reaction, the smooth muscle around the airways tighten, not only causing shortness of breath but also coughing and wheezing, according to Medline Plus, an online resource of the National Institutes of Health. Treatment for this chronic respiratory disease includes long-term corticosteroids to reduce the inflammation of the lungs and a fast-acting bronchodilator to treat the sudden symptoms, including shortness of breath.
Lung Infection
Shortness of breath is often indicative of a complication in the lungs. If a person is sick with either the cold or flu, he may have difficulty breathing as a symptom of that particular illness. Since both the cold and flu are viral infections, the main course of action is to allow the illness to run its course. In the event that a secondary infection of the lungs develops, such as acute bronchitis, a regimen of antibiotics may be necessary. This is usually indicated by a yellow, green or brown sputum, or phlegm.
Anxiety or Stress
Sometimes, shortness of breath may not actually be caused by a physical condition but an emotional one. For example, anxiety, stress or fear can cause an individual to panic and have difficulty breathing. Usually, the attacks will end just as quickly as they develop. However, shortness of breath is not the only symptom that will emerge; it is accompanied by muscle tension, dizziness, sweating and trembling, according to Medline Plus. In some cases, anxiety may be a side effect of medication or drugs and treatment may need to be re-evaluated to reduce shortness of breath or other symptoms. However, if the anxiety or stress is strictly psychological, identifying the cause is the first step to resolving the trigger. Seeking help from a trusted friend, family member or professional can help eliminate anxiety attacks.
